As low-carbon economy becomes the main theme of world economic development, electric vehicles, as an important part of new energy strategy and intelligent driving, will surely become the focus of the development of the world's automobile industry and energy industry in the future. In fact, electric vehicles have a long history. As early as the 19th century, electric vehicles have already appeared on the stage of history. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, 40% of American cars were powered by steam engines, 38% were powered by electricity, and 22% were powered by gasoline. In the 1820s, electric vehicles were a great success in the United States, with the number of electric vehicles in the United States reaching 33,842. However, due to high costs and short battery life, electric vehicles have never become popular, and they have gradually been eliminated from the market.
It was not until the end of the 20th century that rising oil prices and concerns about climate issues brought electric vehicles to widespread attention again. Various European, American and Japanese manufacturers have begun to develop their efforts in the field of electric vehicles. They have launched hybrid concept vehicles with internal combustion engines and electric motors as the basic power source. These concept vehicles are more energy-saving due to the use of braking energy recovery technology, reducing fuel consumption and emissions. All performed very well. Since then, the world has begun to focus on the development of motor-powered vehicles. Especially in recent years, Tesla has begun commercial production of pure electric vehicles. At present, the new energy electric vehicles we use in large quantities include the following technical types and models in China.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
The strong hybrid system uses a 272-650v high-voltage starter motor, which is powered by the on-board battery. The electric motor can drive the vehicle alone during starting or cruising. When accelerating or the battery energy is insufficient, the internal combustion engine can drive the vehicle alone or in combination with the electric motor. vehicle. Compared with the previous medium hybrid system, the current strong hybrid system has a higher mixing degree and a fuel saving rate of more than 40%. The main representative models include Honda Accord Hybrid, Honda CR-V Hybrid, Toyota Corolla Hybrid, Toyota Landa Hybrid, Toyota Camry Hybrid, Lexus CT Hybrid, Lexus ES Hybrid, and Lexus NX Hybrid,etc.
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), simply put, is a vehicle between the electric vehicle and the fuel vehicle. It has the engine, gearbox, transmission system, and oil of a traditional vehicle. Roads and fuel tanks, as well as the battery, motor, and control circuit for an electric vehicle. Moreover, the battery capacity is relatively large and there is a charging interface, so the fuel saving rate can reach 70%.The main representative models include BYD Tang PHEV, BYD Han PHEV, Volvo S60 PHEV, Audi A3 PHEV, BMW 5 PHEV, Roewe ei6 PHEV Audi A6L PHEV, BMW X1 PHEV, Volkswagen Passat PHEV, Volkswagen Tiguan L PHEV,Honda Accord PHEV,etc.
Pure Electric Vehicle
Pure electric vehicles refer to models that are driven only by electricity. The electric drive and control system consists of a power supply, a drive motor, and a speed control device for the motor. Due to the rapid development of pure electric vehicle technology represented by Tesla, the cruising range of Tesla electric vehicles even exceeds 700 kilometers, which has completely exceeded the cruising range of a tank of fuel. The comprehensive performance in all aspects far exceeds that of fuel vehicles. Led by Tesla, a pure electric vehicle revolution has emerged around the world. China's electric vehicles are developing particularly rapidly. China BYD is now the world's largest electric vehicle manufacturer. The future driverless era will definitely be dominated by pure electric vehicles. The main representative models include Tesla Model 3, Tesla MODELY, Tesla MODEL X, Tesla MODEL S, BYD Seal, BYD Dolphin, BYD E5, Xpeng P7, LI ONE, NIO ES6, BAIC EU5, and Venucia Moronwind,etc.
Extended Range Electric Vehicle
There is only one electric drive system in an extended-range electric vehicle (EREV), including a motor, a control circuit, and a battery. The motor directly drives the wheels, and the engine is used to drive a generator to charge the battery. Because the engine does not directly drive the wheels, there is no need for a gearbox, which is equivalent to loading a gasoline/diesel generator on an ordinary electric vehicle. The main representative models are BMW i3 EREV, Chevrolet Volt EREV, Audi A1 e-tron EREV, Buick VELITE 5 EREV, LI ONE EREV, and Cyrus SF5 EREV, Fengguang E3 EREV, Leapmo C11 EREV, Deep Blue SL03 EREV, Deep Blue S7 EREV, Wenjie M5 EREV, Nezha S EREV, Wenjie M7 EREV, Lantu FREE EREV,etc.
Compared with non-plug-in hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles have larger batteries and can support longer driving ranges. If there are good charging conditions, plug-in hybrid vehicles can meet daily travel needs without refueling. They can be used as pure electric vehicles and have the advantages of electric vehicles. Compared with pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles have smaller battery capacity, but have the same engines, gearboxes, transmission systems, oil lines, and fuel tanks as traditional fuel vehicles. When charging is not possible, you can keep driving as long as there is a gas station. The driving range is not restricted by charging conditions, and it has the advantages of a fuel vehicle. Extended-range electric vehicles also have similar functions. They are equivalent to loading a gasoline/diesel generator on a pure electric vehicle. They can continue driving as long as the gas station is used, without mileage anxiety.
Up to now, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles have become the development direction of electric vehicles in China. At present, plug-in hybrid vehicles and extended-range electric vehicles can travel a certain distance on electricity after each charge. Depending on the battery energy storage capacity, it is generally between 100 kilometers and 200 kilometers. At the same time, there is an opportunity for the internal combustion engine vehicle to drive range or an opportunity for the generator to recharge to extend range. Around the world, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles can meet the driving needs of all types of people. According to an assessment by the International Energy Agency, in Europe, 50% of daily journeys are less than 10 kilometers, and 80% are less than 25 kilometers. In the United States, approximately 60% of vehicles travel less than 50 kilometers per day, and approximately 85% of vehicles travel less than 100 kilometers per day. At present, the electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and extended-range electric vehicles can basically meet the daily needs